Cain’s Jawbone

Cain’s Jawbone — A Novel Problem is a murder mystery book published in 1934 as part of The Torquemada Puzzle Book. The challenge was to understand the hundred pages, reorder them correctly, and find out who committed six murders. But, full of wordplay and obscure literary references, it is so very devious that only a handful of people have managed to solve it. The name of the book is a nod to the first known murder weapon, the jawbone of an ass, which Cain is said to have used to kill his brother Abel. The jawbone is not actually mentioned in the Bible, but in a 7th-century commentary on it.

crossword pioneer

The literary puzzle is the creation of Ernest Powys Mathers, an English translator, poet and pioneer in compiling cryptic crosswords. In 1923, he received praise for making a translation of the complex book of Arabic folk tales One Thousand and One Night into English, albeit from a French version. He was subsequently inspired to sit cross-legged, oriental style, to create his crosswords, which were published in The Observer newspaper under the pseudonym Torquemada. The name is borrowed from the 15th-century torturer Tomás de Torquemada of the Spanish Inquisition.

CRIMINALLY COMPLEX

On its publication, a competition was launched by The Observer offering a cash prize for anyone who could solve Cain’s Jawbone. Only two men got it right: W. S. Kennedy and S. A. Sydney-Turner, the latter belonging to a band of literary Londoners known as the Bloomsbury Group. However in 1939 Mathers died, World War Two began, and the solution was lost. 

UNEXPECTED REVIVAL

Some eighty-five years later, Patrick Wildgust, curator at the Laurence Stern Trust in the northern English county of Yorkshire, was given a copy of The Torquemada Puzzle Book. After attempting the crosswords, he became fascinated by the crime story puzzle at the back. Thus began a lengthy and collaborative process of investigation, crowdfunding, re-publishing and unexpected viral marketing that has resulted in Mathers’ nerdish text becoming a big hit on TikTok! To find out more, Speak Up contacted Wildgust. We began by asking him about Mathers and his puzzles. 

Patrick Wildgust (English accent): Ideally you should be able to do a crossword and learn something as you do it. Mathers used a lot of quotations, and the idea, he said, was to lead you through a literary landscape as well as a puzzle landscape. So, you would find out about things that you didn’t necessarily know, you’d learn new words. These references to authors and quotations from those authors, they were the food and drink of people who converse. Once upon a time, your library was your head and what it contained, and Mathers had a phenomenal memory. Apparently, he would read a book once and that’s it, it was in there.

extensive research

The solution to Cain’s Jawbone was never printed in the 1930s, although The Observer did offer to send it by post to those who requested it. With the use of the internet, Wildgust thought he had a fighting chance of solving it himself. He was wrong.

Patrick Wildgust: I didn’t solve it, I found the solution. I got other people involved and we talked about it and we tried to see whether we could do it or how we could do it. And then I started to research to try to find out whether I could find the answer. Somewhere in desks of great-grandparents there possibly will be copies of the answer sent by The Observer. I’ve not come across any of those. I assumed that there would be a library somewhere with the answer written in; that Gollancz, the publishers, would have the answer, but it didn’t have any reference anywhere. It took a long time, this.

crowdfunding

Eventually, Wildgust did find the solution. He then teamed up with John Mitchinson, founder of the crowdfunding publisher Unbound, to produce an attractive, easy-to-use edition in the form of an illustrated box with one hundred individual cards.

Patrick Wildgust: The main problem was the fact they [the pages of the original] were printed on both sides. So, the suggestion that I made was they can be read in any order, but you can then put them next to each other and experiment. Unbound did a very good job: in a box and very nicely done, a nice-sized print so you could play around with it, and also with Tom Gauld… with his illustration on the outside. 

solved again

In Mathers’ honour a new competition was launched, challenging modern readers to find the solution. Prominent British comedy writer John Finnemore dedicated lockdown to doing just that, producing the right solution in November 2020.

Patrick Wildgust: John Finnemore, fortunately, had exactly the right mind and also was able, thanks to the lockdown, to be able to work on this book. You need to have a brain which plays around with ideas and associations, and also can spot similar ways of thinking and also things that indicate what may be current or relevant or pertinent. It’s not easy!

tiktok fame

But that was not the end of it. A year on, young booktoker Sarah Scannell found a paperback edition of Cain’s Jawbone in an independent San Francisco bookstore. Her TikTok post, in which she says, “I’ve decided to take this nearly impossible task as an opportunity to fulfil a lifelong dream and turn my entire bedroom wall into a murder board,” was viewed over four million times, and received more than five thousand comments. Cain’s Jawbone temporarily sold out everywhere, to Wildgust’s astonishment and delight.

Patrick Wildgust:  It was absolutely extraordinary. It blows a hole through everybody’s advertising campaigns in terms of what is going to be successful. People love crime fiction, and they love the idea of something which needs solving. Crime walls are something which are part and parcel of the fabric of contemporary visual detective stories. People all stand around pointing at things that connect with various other things, and she liked the idea and had her own crime wall and [to] see if she could solve it that way. 

more fun

While Scannell has not yet solved the puzzle, there is still the challenge of keeping the solution a secret in an age when there are no secrets, says Wildgust. 

Patrick Wildgust: You have to rely on people wanting to continue playing the game. There aren’t any rules with this, but if you would like to make up the rules of not telling anybody, everybody can have more fun.

Cain’s Jawbone is published in Spanish as El enigma de Caín (Penguin Libros)